2024–25 Pro-Core Social Studies Blueprints

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Multiple tier timelines can be used to show relationships among events and places.

1

3–4*

7
23%

Early Civilizations

2. Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia) had unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.

2

3–4*

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

3. Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include and how it is displayed.

3

1–2*

8
27%

Places and Regions

5. Regions can be determined, classified and compared using data related to various criteria including landform, climate, population, and cultural and economic characteristics

5

1–2*

Human Systems

6. The variety of physical environments within the Eastern Hemisphere influences human activities. Likewise, human activities modify the physical environment.

6

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

9. Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources and used to effectively communicate and defend a claim based on evidence. Sources should be examined for accuracy and credibility.

9

3–4*

7
23%

Roles and Systems of Government

10. Governments can be categorized as monarchies, theocracies, dictatorships or democracies, but categories may overlap and labels may not accurately represent how governments function. The extent of citizens’ liberties and responsibilities varies according to limits on governmental authority.

10

3–4*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

11. Economists compare data sets to draw conclusions about relationships among them.

11

1–2*

8
27%

Scarcity

13. The fundamental questions of economics include what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

13

1–2*

Markets

15. The interaction of supply and demand, influenced by competition, helps to determine price in a market. This interaction also determines the quantities of outputs produced and the quantities of productive resources (entrepreneurship, human resources, natural resources and capital) used.

15

1–2*

Financial Literacy

16. When selecting items to buy, individuals can weigh costs and benefits and compare the price and quality of available goods and services.

16

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Events in local history can be shown on timelines organized by years, decades and centuries.

1

2–3*

7
20.6%

Heritage

3. Local communities change over time.

3

2–3*

Places and Regions

5. Daily life is influenced by the agriculture, industry and natural resources in different communities.

5

1–2*

Human Systems

6. Evidence of positive and negative human modification of the environment can be observed in the local community.

6

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

9. Members of local communities have rights and responsibilities.

9

1–2*

8
23.5%

Rules and Laws

11. Laws are rules which apply to all people in a community and describe ways people are expected to behave. Laws promote order and security, provide public services and protect the rights of individuals in the local community.

11

1–2*

Roles and Systems of Government

12. Governments have authority to make and enforce laws.

12

1–2*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

14. Line graphs are used to show changes in data over time

14

1–2*

11
32.4%

Scarcity

16. Individuals must make decisions because of the scarcity of resources. Making a decision involves a trade-off.

16

1–2*

Production and Consumption

17. A consumer is a person whose wants are satisfied by using goods and services. A producer makes goods and/or provides services.

17

1–2*

Markets

18. A market is where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services.

18

1–2*

Financial Literacy

19. Making decisions involves weighing costs and benefits.

19

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. The order of significant events in Ohio and the United States can be shown on a timeline.

1

1–2*

12
34.3%

(31–35% on State Blueprint)

Heritage

3. Various groups of people have lived in Ohio over time including American Indians, migrating settlers and immigrants. Interactions among these groups have resulted in cooperation, conflict and compromise.

3

1–2*

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

9. A map scale and cardinal and intermediate directions can be used to describe the relative location of physical and human characteristics of Ohio and the United States.

9

1–2*

8
22.8%
34.3% with Economics

(32–37% on State Blueprint with Economics)

Places and Regions

10. The economic development of the United States continues to influence and be influenced by agriculture, industry and natural resources in Ohio.

10

1–2*

Human Systems

12. People have modified the environment throughout history resulting in both positive and negative consequences in Ohio and the United States.

12

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

15. Individuals have a variety of opportunities to act in and influence their state and national government. Citizens have both rights and responsibilities in Ohio and the United States.

15

2–3*

11
31.4%

(31–35% on State Blueprint)

Rules and Laws

17. Laws can protect rights, provide benefits and assign responsibilities.

17

2–3*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

20. Tables and organize information in a variety of formats to help individuals understand information and issues.

20

1–2*

4
11.4%
34.3% with Geography

(32–37% on State Blueprint with Geography)

Production and Consumption

21. Entrepreneurs organize productive resources and take risks to make a profit and compete with other producers.

21

1–2*

Financial Literacy

22. Saving a portion of income contributes to an individual‘s financial well-being. Individuals can reduce spending to save more of their income.

22

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Events can be arranged in order of occurrence using the conventions of B.C. and A.D. or B.C.E. and C.E.

1

1–2*

5
16.7%

Early Civilizations

2. Early Indian civilizations (Maya, Inca, Aztec, Mississippian) existed in the Western Hemisphere prior to the arrival of Europeans. These civilizations had developed unique governments, social structures, religions, technologies, and agricultural practices and products.

2

1–2*

Heritage

3. European exploration and colonization during the 1400s–1600s had lasting effects which can be used to understand the Western Hemisphere today.

3

1–2*

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

4. Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include in maps.

4

1–2*

11
33.3%

Places and Regions

6. Regions can be determined using various criteria (e.g., landform, climate, population, cultural or economic).

6

1–2*

Human Systems

7. The variety among physical environments within the Western Hemisphere influence human activities. Human activities also alter the physical environment.

7

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

11. Individuals can better understand public issues by gathering, interpreting, and checking information for accuracy from multiple sources. Data can be displayed graphically to effectively and efficiently communicate information.

11

1–3*

4
16.7%

Roles and Systems of Government

12. Democracies, dictatorships and monarchies are categories for understanding the relationship between those in power or authority and citizens.

12

1–3*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

13. Information displayed in circle graphs can be used to show relative proportions of segments of data to an entire body of data.

13

1–2*

10
33.3%

Scarcity

15. The availability of productive resources (i.e.,entrepreneurship, human resources, capital goods and natural resources) promotes specialization that could lead to trade.

15

1–2*

Production and Consumption

16. The availability of productive resources and the division of labor can have a positive or negative impact productive capacity.

16

1–2*

Markets

17. Regions and countries become interdependent when they specialize
in what they produce best and then trade with other regions to increase the amount and variety of goods and services available.

17

1–2*

Financial Literacy

18. Workers can improve their ability to earn income by gaining new knowledge, skills and experiences.

18

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Multiple tier timelines can be used to show relationships among events and places.

1

2

4
13.3%
26.7% with Government

(26–30% on State Blueprint)

Early Civilizations

2. Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia) had unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.

2

2

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

3. Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include and how it is displayed.

3

2

12
37.5%

(35–40% on State Blueprint)

Places and Regions

5. Regions can be determined, classified and compared using various criteria (e.g., landform, climate, population, cultural, or economic).

5

2

Human Systems

6. The variety of physical environments within the Eastern Hemisphere influences human activities. Likewise, human activities also alter the physical environment.

6

2

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

9. Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources and used to effectively communicate and defend a claim based on evidence. Sources should be examined for accuracy and credibility.

9

2

4
15.6%
28.1% with History

(26–30% on State Blueprint)

Roles and Systems of Government

10. Governments can be categorized as monarchies, theocracies, dictatorships or democracies, but categories may overlap and labels may not accurately represent how governments function. The extent of citizens’ liberties and responsibilities varies according to limits on governmental authority.

10

2

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

11. Economists compare data sets to draw conclusions about relationships among them.

11

1–2*

10
34.3%

(32–37% on State Blueprint)

Scarcity

13. The fundamental questions of economics include what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.

13

1–2*

Markets

15. The interaction of supply and demand, influenced by competition, helps to determine price in a market. This interaction also determines the quantities of outputs produced and the quantities productive resources (entrepreneurship, human resources, natural resources and capital) used.

15

1–2*

Financial Literacy

16. When selecting items to buy, individuals can weigh costs and benefits and compare the price and quality of available goods and services.

16

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Historians and archaeologists describe historical events and issues from the perspectives of people living at the time to avoid evaluating the past in terms of today’s norms and values.

1

1–2*

16
50.0%

Early Civilizations

2. The civilizations that developed in Greece and Rome had an enduring impact on later civilizations. This legacy includes governance and law, engineering and technology, art and architecture, as well as literature and history. The Roman Empire also played an instrumental role in the spread of Christianity.

2

1–2*

Feudalism and Transitions

3. The Roman Empire collapsed due to various internal and external factors (political, social and economic) which led to the development of feudalism and the manorial system in the region. The fall of Rome and later invasions also allowed for the creation of new Empires in the region..

3

1–2*

First Global Age

8. Empires in Africa grew as commercial and cultural centers along trade routes.

8

1–2*

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

12. Maps and other geographic representations can be used to trace the development of human settlement over time.

12

1–2*

6
18.8%

Human Systems

13. Geographic factors promote or impede the movement of people, products and ideas.

13

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

16. Analyzing individual and group perspectives is essential to understanding historic and contemporary issues. Opportunities for civic engagement exist for students to connect real world issues and events to classroom learning

16

1–2*

5
15.6%

Roles and Systems of Government

17. Greek democracy and the Roman Republic were radical departures from monarchy and theocracy, influencing the structure and function of modern democratic governments.

17

1–2*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

19. Individuals, governments and businesses must analyze costs and benefits when making economic decisions. A cost- benefit analysis consists of determining the potential costs and benefits of an action and then balancing the costs against the benefits.

19

1–2*

5
15.6%

Scarcity

20. The variability in the distribution of productive resources in the various regions of the world contributed to specialization, trade and interdependence.

20

1–2*

Markets

21. The growth of cities and empires fostered the growth of markets. Market exchanges encouraged specialization and the transition from barter to monetary economies.

21

1–2*

History

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. Primary and secondary sources are used to examine events from multiple perspectives and to present and defend a position.

1

1–2*

20
47.3%

Colonization to Independence

2. North America, originally inhabited by American Indians, was explored and colonized by Europeans for economic and religious reasons.

2

1–2*

A New Nation

6. Key events and significant figures in American history influenced the course and outcome of the American Revolution.

6

1–2*

Expansion

10. The United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.

10

1–2*

Civil War and Reconstruction

12. Disputes over the nature of federalism, complicated by economic developments in the United States, resulted in sectional issues, including slavery, which led to the American Civil War.

12

1–2*

Geography

Spatial Thinking and Skills

15. Modern and historical maps and other geographic tools are used to analyze how historic events are shaped by geography.

15

1–2*

7
21.1%

Human Systems

16. The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.

16

1–2*

Government

Civic Participation and Skills

20. Active participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals.

20

1–2*

6
15.8%

Roles and Systems of Government

22. The U.S. Constitution established a federal republic, providing a framework for a national government with elected representatives, separation of powers and checks and balances.

22

1–2*

Economics

Economic Decision Making and Skills

24. Choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences.

24

1–2*

5
15.8%

Production and Consumption

25. The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the means of production as a result of improvements in technology, use of new power resources, the advent of interchangeable parts and the shift from craftwork to factory work.

25

1–2*

Markets

26. Governments can impact markets by means of spending, regulations, taxes and trade barriers.

26

1–2*

Skills

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. The use of primary and secondary sources of information includes an examination of the credibility of each source.

2. Historians develop theses and use evidence to support or refute positions.

3. Historians analyze cause, effect, sequence, and correlation in historical events, including multiple causation and long- and short-term causal relations.

1

1–2*

4
11%

1600–1945

Age of Enlightenment (1600–1800)

4. The Scientific Revolution impacted religious, political, and cultural institutions by challenging how people viewed the world.

2

1–2*

17
46%

Age of Revolutions (1750–1914)

7. The American and French Revolutions influenced Latin American revolutions for independence.

5

1–2*

Imperialism (1800–1914)

9. Imperial expansion had political, economic and social roots.

7

1–2*

Achievements and Crises (1900–1945)

12. Advances in technology, communication and transportation improved lives, but also had negative consequences.

10

1–2*

1945–present

The Cold War (1945–1991)

17. The United States and the Soviet Union became superpowers and competed for global influence.

15

1–2*

16
43%

Globalization (1991–Present)

22. The break-up of the Soviet Union ended the Cold War and created challenges for its former allies, the former Soviet republics, Europe, the United States and the non- aligned world.

20

1–2*

Skills and Documents

Historical Thinking and Skills

1. The use of primary and secondary sources of information includes an examination of the credibility of each source.

2. Historians develop theses and use evidence to support or refute positions.

3. Historians analyze cause, effect, sequence and correlation in historical events, including multiple causation and long- and short-term causal relations.

1

1–2*

8
28%

(26–30% on State Blueprint)

Founding Documents

4. The Declaration of Independence elaborates on the rights and role of the people in building the foundations of the American nation through the principles of unalienable rights and consent of the people.

2

1–2*

1877–1945

Industrialization and Progressivism (1877–1920)

8. The rise of corporations, heavy industry, mechanized farming and technological innovations transformed the American economy from an agrarian to an increasingly urban industrial society.

9. The rise of industrialization led to a rapidly expanding workforce. Labor organizations grew amidst unregulated working conditions, laissez-faire policies toward big business, and violence toward supporters of organized labor.

6

1–2*

13
41%

(37–41% on State Blueprint)

Foreign Affairs from Imperialism to Post-World War I (1898–1930)

14. As a result of overseas expansion, the Spanish-American War and World War I, the United States emerged as a world power.

10

1–2*

Prosperity, Depression and the New Deal (1919–1941)

16. Racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War I.

12

1–2*

From Isolation to World War (1930–1945)

20. During the 1930s, the U.S. government attempted to distance the country from earlier interventionist policies in the Western Hemisphere as well as retain an isolationist approach to events in Europe and Asia until the beginning of WWII.

16

1–2*

1945–Present

The Cold War (1945–1991)

22. Use of atomic weapons changed the nature of war, altered the balance of power and began the nuclear age.

18

1–2*

11
34%

(3–35% on State Blueprint)

Social Transformations in the United States (1945–1991)

27. Following World War II, the United States experienced a struggle for racial and gender equality and the extension of civil rights.

22

1–2*

United States and Post-Cold War (1991–present)

31. Improved global communications, international trade, transnational business organizations, overseas competition and the shift from manufacturing to service industries have impacted the American economy.

25

1–2*

Founding Documents
*at least 20% of the test

Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution

6. The Federalist Papers and the Anti-Federalist Papers framed the national debate over the basic principles of government encompassed by the Constitution of the United States and led to the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

4

1–2*

11
34.3%

(31–36% in State Blueprint)

Ohio’s State and Local Governments

16. As a framework for the state, the Ohio has similarities and differences to the federal Constitution; it was changed in 1851 to address difficulties governing the state.

14

1–3*

Principles and Structure

Civic Participation and Skills

3. Issues can be analyzed through the critical use of credible sources.

1

1–2*

13
40.6%

(38–43% in State Blueprint)

Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution

5. As the supreme law of the land, the U.S. Constitution incorporates basic principles that help define the government of the United States as a federal republic including its structure, powers and relationship with the governed.

3

1–2*

Structure and Functions of the Federal Government

12. Law and public policy are created and implemented by three branches of government; each functions with its own set of powers and responsibilities.

10

1–2*

Role of the People

14. In the United States, people have rights which protect them from undue governmental interference. Rights carry responsibilities which help define how people use their rights and which require respect for the rights of others.

12

1–2*

Ohio, Policy, and Economy

Ohio’s State and Local Governments

17. Individuals in Ohio have a responsibility to assist state and local governments as they address relevant and often controversial problems that directly affect their communities.

15

1–2*

8
25%

(23–28% in State Blueprint)

Public Policy

18. A variety of entities within the three branches of government, at all levels, address public policy issues which arise in domestic and international affairs.

16

1–2*

Government and the Economy

20. The federal government uses spending and tax policy to maintain economic stability and foster economic growth. Regulatory actions carry economic costs and benefits.

18

1–2*